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Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. This topic refers primarily to our consumer experiences, which are currently delivered in Windows 10 version and earlier. The Windows speech platform is used to power all of the speech experiences in Windows 10 such as Cortana and Dictation.
Voice activation is a feature that enables users to invoke a speech recognition engine from various device power states by saying a specific phrase – “Hey Cortana”. To create hardware that supports voice activation technology, review the information in this topic.
Implementing voice activation is a significant project and is a task completed by SoC vendors. Users often want to be able to instantly access an experience without having to physically interact touch a device. For phone users this may be due to driving in the car and having their attention and hands engaged with operating the vehicle.
For an Xbox user this may be due not wanting to find and connect a controller. Voice activation provides always listening speech input via predefined key phrase s or “activation phrases”. Key phrases may be uttered by themselves “Hey Cortana” as a staged command, or followed by a speech action, for example, “Hey Cortana, where is my next meeting? The term Keyword Detection , describes the detection of the keyword by either hardware or software.
Keyword only activation occurs when only the Cortana keyword is said, Cortana starts and plays the EarCon sound to indicate that it has entered listening mode.
Microsoft provides an OS default keyword spotter software keyword spotter that is used to ensure quality of hardware keyword detections and to provide the Hey Cortana experience in cases where hardware keyword detection is absent or unavailable.
The “Learn my voice” feature allows the user to train Cortana to recognize their unique voice. This is accomplished by the user selecting Learn how I say “Hey Cortana” in the Cortana settings screen.
The user then repeats six carefully chosen phrases that provide a sufficient variety of phonetic patterns to identify the unique attributes of the users voice. When voice activation is paired with “Learn my voice”, the two algorithms will work together to reduce false activations. This is especially valuable for the meeting room scenario, where one person says “Hey Cortana” in a room full of devices. This feature is available only for Windows 10 version and earlier. Voice activation is powered by a keyword spotter KWS which reacts if the key phrase is detected.
For more information, see Wake on Voice. It is recommended to use this code as a starting point. The code is available at this location.
The audio stack external interfaces for enabling Voice Activation serves as the communication pipeline for the speech platform and the audio drivers. The external interfaces are divided into three parts.
Audio endpoint graph building occurs normally. The graph is prepared to handle faster than real time capture. Timestamps on captured buffers remain true. The driver exposes a KS filter for its capture device as usual. This filter supports several KS properties and a KS event to configure, enable and signal a detection event. The filter also includes an additional pin factory identified as a keyword spotter KWS pin. This pin is used to stream audio from the keyword spotter.
While the detector is armed, the hardware can be continuously capturing and buffering audio data in a small FIFO buffer. The size of this FIFO buffer is determined by requirements outside of this document, but might typically be hundreds of milliseconds to several seconds. The detection algorithm operates on the data streaming through this buffer. This allows the system to reach a lower power state if there is no other activity.
When the hardware detects a keyword, it generates an interrupt. While waiting for the driver to service the interrupt, the hardware continues to capture audio into the buffer, ensuring no data after the keyword is lost, within buffering limits.
After detecting a keyword, all voice activation solutions must buffer all of the spoken keyword, including ms before the start of the keyword.
The audio driver must provide timestamps identifying the start and end of the key phrase in the stream. The method of doing this is specific to the hardware design. One possible solution is for the driver to read current performance counter, query the current DSP timestamp, read current performance counter again, and then estimate a correlation between performance counter and DSP time. Then given the correlation, the driver can map the keyword DSP timestamps to Windows performance counter timestamps.
The interface design attempts to keep the object implementation stateless. In other words, the implementation should require no state to be stored between method calls. The set of supported keyword IDs returned by the GetCapabilities routine would depend on this data. Dynamic user dependent model – IStream provides a random access storage model.
The content and structure of the data within this storage is defined by the OEM. The OS may call the interface methods with an empty IStream, particularly if the user has never trained a keyword.
The OS creates a separate IStream storage for each user. In other words, a given IStream stores model data for one and only one user.
However, it shall never store user data anywhere outside the IStream. One possible OEM DLL design would internally switch between accessing the IStream and the static user independent data depending on the parameters of the current method. An alternate design might check the IStream at the start of each method call and add the static user independent data to the IStream if not already present, allowing the rest of the method to access only the IStream for all model data.
As described previously, the training UI flow results in full phonetically rich sentences being available in the audio stream. Each sentence is individually passed to IKeywordDetectorOemAdapter::VerifyUserKeyword to verify it contains the expected keyword and has acceptable quality. Audio is processed in a unique way for voice activation training. The following table summarizes the differences between voice activation training and the regular voice recognition usage.
As mentioned previously, the Windows speech platform is used to power all of the speech experiences in Windows 10 such as Cortana and dictation. Miniport interfaces are defined to be implemented by WaveRT miniport drivers.
These interfaces provide methods to either simplify the audio driver, improve OS audio pipeline performance and reliability, or support new scenarios. A new PnP device interface property is defined allowing the driver to provide a static expressions of its buffer size constraints to the OS. A driver operates under various constraints when moving audio data between the OS, the driver, and the hardware.
This property should remain valid and stable while the KS filter interface is enabled. The OS can read this value at any time without having to open a handle to the driver and call on the driver. The driver sets this property before calling PcRegisterSubdevice or otherwise enabling its KS filter interface for its streaming pins.
A driver implements this interface for better coordination of audio dataflow from the driver to OS. If this interface is available on a capture stream, the OS uses methods on this interface to access data in the WaveRT buffer.
A WaveRT miniport optionally implements this interface to be advised of write progress from the OS and to return precise stream position.
Several of the driver routines return Windows performance counter timestamps reflecting the time at which samples are captured or presented by the device. In devices that have complex DSP pipelines and signal processing, calculating an accurate timestamp may be challenging and should be done thoughtfully. The timestamps should not simply reflect the time at which samples were transferred to or from the OS to the DSP.
This section describes the OS and driver interaction for burst reads. Two burst example read scenarios are discussed. The timestamps identify the sampling instant of the captured samples. The driver also returns the performance counter value that corresponds to the sampling instant of the first sample in the packet.
Note that this performance counter value might be relatively old, depending on how much capture data has been buffered within the hardware or driver outside of the WaveRT buffer.
If there is more unread buffered data available the driver either: i. Immediately transfers that data into the available space of WaveRT buffer i. Or, ii. Programs hardware to burst the next packet into the available space of the WaveRT buffer, returns false for MoreData, and later sets the buffer event when the transfer completes.
The OS waits for the next buffer notification event. The wait might terminate immediately if the driver set the buffer notification in step 2c. If the driver did not immediately set the event in step 2c , the driver sets the event after it transfers more captured data into the WaveRT buffer and makes it available for the OS to read. Go to 2. If the OS fails to create a stream on the pin before the buffer overflows then the driver may end the internal buffering activity and free associated resources.
Wake On Voice WoV enables the user to activate and query a speech recognition engine from a screen off, lower power state, to a screen on, full power state by saying a certain keyword, such as “Hey Cortana”. It does this by using a listening mode, which is lower power when compared to the much higher power usage seen during normal microphone recording.
This will work regardless of whether the device is in use or idle with the screen off. The audio stack is responsible for communicating the wake data speaker ID, keyword trigger, confidence level as well as notifying interested clients that the keyword has been detected. Skip to main content. This browser is no longer supported. Download Microsoft Edge More info. Table of contents Exit focus mode. Table of contents. Note This topic refers primarily to our consumer experiences, which are currently delivered in Windows 10 version and earlier.
Note Implementing voice activation is a significant project and is a task completed by SoC vendors. Submit and view feedback for This product This page.
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